孔府先后是五经博士署、奉祀官府，是孔子嫡裔长支世代居住和办理庙务的场所。孔府是由照壁、大门、大堂、后堂、内宅和后花园组成。
The Confucian Mansion was originally the office of the Scholars of Five Classics and the officials in charge of sacrifices. It was also the place where the main branch of Confucian direct descendants lived and handled temple affairs for generations. Confucius Mansion is made up of decorative wall, main gate, main hall, back hall, inner residence and back garden
照壁上的《礼记·礼运（大同篇）》——孔子之愿、后人之责
按传统，“家宅”不宜开门见山，所以在衢州南孔家庙的门外正对大门处设有照壁以作屏障。照壁上篆书雕刻着《大同篇》，出自《礼记·礼运》。它描述了孔子的理想世界，也是孔子之愿。写在照壁上，是孔子对孔氏后人的期许，是家训，也是责任。
“The Great Unity” on the screen wall: expectation of Confucius, responsibility of the descendants.
According to tradition, houses should not have doors opening directly onto the outside. Therefore, a screen wall was built opposite the gate of the Confucius Mansion. The carvings on the screen wall depict “The Great Unity”, a chapter taken from “The Book of Rites - Ceremonial Usages”. The Great Unity is the ideal social state proposed by Confucius and also the dream of Confucius. Written on the screen wall, it is Confucius’ expectation for the descendants. It is not only the family motto, but also the responsibility of the descendants.
黑色的大门——黑白分明、勤勉务实
（摄于衢州孔庙）
家庙大门不是红色是黑色，是孔子为了告诫后世子孙要黑白分明，牢记自己的使命。大门挂着的楹联是由清朝乾隆年间大学士纪晓岚所题。上联是“与国咸休安富尊荣公府第”，下联是“同天并老文章道德圣人家”。仔细看会发现其实“富”字的少了一点，而“章”字一竖则联通到上面，这其实是孔子在劝勉后人，在财富上的追求尽量少一点，在学习上需要更加努力向上。这也是家训的一部分。
The black gate: retain the ability to distinguish between right and wrong and be diligent in the pursuit of learning
The gate of the ancestral temple is not the ordinary red color, but black. It was Confucius who wanted to remind the descendants to distinguish between black and white (right and wrong) and to remember their mission.
The couplet on the main gate was composed by Ji Xiaolan, a Grand Secretary during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty. The upper couplet reads, “The prosperous mansion enjoys peace, wealth and honor with the country,” while the lower couplet reads, “The respectable family and Confucianism live forever with heaven”. If you take a close look, you will find that the character “富” is actually missing a bit from its crown, and the vertical stroke of the last character “章” extends upward. The two characters show that Confucius demanded future generations be modest in the pursuit of wealth and be diligent in the pursuit of learning. That is also a part of the family motto.
“泗淛同源”——同宗同源、兄友弟恭
大堂是五经博士处理公务和接待客人的地方。大堂上方高悬着“泗淛同源”的匾额。“泗”指山东曲阜的泗水，孔子墓便在其北岸；“淛”指浙江。“泗淛同源”意为无论是山东还是浙江的孔氏后人，都是一家人，要相亲相爱，相互扶持。此家训的寓意是整个中华民族都是一家人，要同舟共济，患难与共。
“Si Zhe Tong Yuan” plaque: have the same origin and support each other
The Main Hall is where the Scholars of Five Classics work and receive guests. There is a plaque with the words “Si Zhe Tong Yuan” hanging in the hall. “Si” refers to the Sishui River, which flows through Qufu, Shandong. Confucius’s tomb is located on the north bank of it. “Zhe” refers to “Zhejiang”. “Si Zhe Tong Yuan” means that descendants of Confucius in the north (Shangdong) and south (Zhejiang) have the same origin and should love and support each other. This is also a family motto, which means that the entire Chinese nation is one family, and we should work together in times of difficulty and share weal and woe.
“世恩堂”——承蒙圣恩、弘道养心
后堂是五经博士处理家族事务或社交的场所。后堂上方高悬“世恩堂”的匾额，指的是孔世家族世世代代都蒙受皇恩。堂中左右两侧各摆着一对高近两米的青花瓷瓶，上面绘清明上河图，题“承圣弘道（继承孔圣人的志向，弘扬儒家思想）”，此家训是提醒后人既然享受皇恩，就要承担该有的责任，大力弘扬儒家思想。
Shi’en Hall: Be grateful for blessings from emperors, and promote Confucianism and self-cultivation
Shi’en Hall is the back hall which is a place where scholars of Five Classics or officials of sacrificial rites handle family affairs or socialize with friends and colleagues. There is a plaque with the words “Shi’en Tang” hanging high in the hall, referring to the fact that the Confucius family has received the continuous blessings from emperors for generations. On each side of the hall, there are a nearly two-meter-tall blue and white porcelain vase with Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival painting on it. The inscription reads “Cheng Sheng Hong Dao” (Continuing the saint’s grand cause and promoting Confucianism). This family motto is actually a reminder to future generations that since they enjoy continuous imperial blessings, they must shoulder their due responsibilities and vigorously promote Confucianism.
《戒贪图》——不贪不占、清正廉洁
《戒贪图》画在后堂和内宅间的屏风上。内宅是孔氏家人生活的地方。图中有一只神兽，似龙非龙，似麒麟也非麒麟，它其实是传说中的“”。在图中，它张牙舞爪，贪得无厌，但仍得不到满足，还妄图一口吞下太阳，最后被太阳烫死。在《论语·里仁篇》里，孔子曾教导弟子：“富与贵是人之所欲也，不以其道得之，不处也”，意为富有，显贵，人人都想得到，但是如果方法不正确，君子是不会接受的。在内宅立《戒贪图》屏风，体现了衍圣公对孔氏后人的良苦用心，意在警示子孙不忘家训，不贪不占，清正廉洁。如今，衢州市依托南孔文化，着力打造“南孔清风”廉洁文化品牌，《戒贪图》已成为重要的廉洁文化景点，孔氏南宗家庙也成了浙江省重要的廉政文化教育基地。让南孔清风发挥其独特的廉洁文化浸润功能，潜移默化的影响着一代又一代的衢州人和来自世界各地的游客。
（摄于衢州孔庙）
“Warning Against Greed” painting: not to be greedy in possessing and be honest and upright
The famous “Warning Against Greed” is painted on the screen between the back hall and the inner residence. There is a divine beast in the picture, which looks like a dragon or a qilin. Actually it is called “tan”, a legendary creature. In the picture, it bares its teeth and brandishes its claws to show its insatiable greed. It even tries to swallow the sun, but unfortunately, it has been killed by the high temperature of the sun. In the Analects of Confucius: benevolence, Confucius once taught his disciples: “Wealth and nobility are what a person desires, but if one does not obtain them through the right way, one should not accept them.”
The screen of “Warning Against Greed” in the inner residence reflects the good intentions of Duke of Yansheng of warning the descendants of the Confucius family not to forget the family motto, and try to be honest and upright, to maintain a pure and self-respecting character and not to be greedy in possessing. Today, Quzhou strives to build the “Southern Confucian integrity breeze” brand of integrity culture based on the Southern Confucian culture. The screen of “Warning Against Greed” has become an important scenic spot of integrity culture, and the Quzhou Confucius ancestral temple has also become an educational base for promoting integrity culture in Zhejiang Province, allowing Southern Confucian integrity breeze to exert its unique function of integrity penetration and subtly influencing generation after generation of Quzhou people and millions of visitors from all over the world.
退省堂——三省吾身、思行结合
内宅是孔氏后人生活的地方，后堂上方高悬“退省堂”的匾额。“退省”源于“吾日三省吾身，为人谋而不忠乎？与朋友交而不信乎？传不习乎？”意为我每天都会经常反省自己，是否尽心尽责，是否诚信？是否努力学习？此家训强调反思自身，思行结合的重要性。
“Tui Xing Tang”: have a self-reflection every day and uphold the value of virtues
The inner residence is where the family members of the Confucian live, with a plaque hanging above the back hall reading “Tui Xing Tang”. “Tui Xing” originates from the phrase “I often reflect on myself every day, whether I am diligent and responsible, whether I am honest, and whether I work hard to learn.” It emphasizes self-reflection and the combination of thinking and action.
孔府庭院——大公无私、好学崇礼
孔府庭院廊外石头上雕刻着“过庭”二字。“过庭”来源于“趋而过庭”的典故，出自《论语·季氏篇》。陈亢（孔子的学生）看到孔子经常在庭院中和孔鲤说话，于是便问他：“老师有教授什么特别的知识给你吗？”孔鲤答曰：“没有。就是我看到他站在庭院中，便恭敬快步地走过，他问我：‘读过《诗经》了吗？’我说：‘没有。’他说：‘不学《诗经》，就不能好好表达自己的想法。’过了几天，他又问道：‘读过《礼记》吗？’我说：‘没有。’他说：‘不学《礼记》，就不能懂得做人的道理。’陈亢听完，就知道老师并没有私心，是光明磊落之人。
“过庭”典故，不仅是作为父亲的孔子教训其子要学诗、学礼，也能表现孔子大公无私，一视同仁的精神品质。现“过庭”二字是孔子第七十五世嫡长孙孔祥楷先生所题，将家训雕刻于庭院的石头之上就是提醒后辈不忘祖训，好学崇礼。
作为“文化原型”的衢州孔氏家庙，在以衢州为中心的江南地域释放出巨大的文化能量，形成了强大的文化优势，在一定程度上改变了人们的思维方式，唤醒人们内心的修身立德的潜意识，让儒家思想根植于世人的内心深处。
Confucius Mansion Courtyard: be selfless, be diligent in learning and to uphold the value of virtues
The characters “Guo Ting” (which means passing through the courtyard) are carved on the stones outside the courtyard corridor of Confucius Mansion. “Guo Ting” originates from the allusion of Qu’er Guo Ting (which means passing through the courtyard respectfully and quickly) in the “Analects - Discourses of Ji Shi”. In that book, Chen Kang (a student of Confucius) saw Confucius often talking to Kong Li (the son of Confucius) in the courtyard, then he asked Kong Li, “Have your father taught you anything special?” Kong Li replied, “No. I saw him standing alone in the courtyard, so I passed through it quickly and respectfully. He asked me, ‘Have you read the Book of Songs?’ I said, ‘No.’ He said, ‘If you don’t study the Book of Songs, you can’t express your thoughts well.’ After a few days, he asked again, ‘Have you read the Book of Rites?’ He replied, ‘No.’ He said, ‘If you don’t study the Book of Rites, you can’t understand the principles of conducting yourself and the truth in your life.’ After that, Chen Kang knew his teacher Confucius was selfless and honest.
The story of the allusion, not only shows that Confucius, as a father, tells his son the importance of learning poetry and etiquette, but also reflects that Confucius, as a teacher, treats everyone equal. The characters “Guo Ting” on the stones were inscribed by Mr. Kong Xiangkai, the 75th direct descendant of Confucius. The family motto “Guo Ting” carved on a stone in the courtyard aims to remind younger generations not to forget their ancestral teachings, and to inspire them to be diligent in learning and to uphold the value of virtues.
As a “cultural prototype”, Ancestral Temple of Confucius in Quzhou, has released tremendous cultural energy in the south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River centered around Quzhou, forming a strong cultural advantage. To a certain extent, it has changed people’s way of thinking, awakened their subconscious of self-cultivation and morality, and rooted Confucianism in the depths of people’s hearts.
浙江省社科联社科普及成果
成果名称：“南孔文化”古与今（中英双语）
负责人：刘影
推荐单位：衢州学院